Challenges Facing Pressure Retarded Osmosis Commercialization: A Short Review

Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is a promising technology that harvests salinity gradient energy. Even though PRO has great power-generating potential, its commercialization currently facing many challenges. In this regard, review highlights the discrepancies between reported power density obtained by lab-scale systems, as well numerical investigations, and significantly low values pilot plants. This difference in performance mainly due to effect of pressure drop draw on feed channel hydrodynamics, which have significant impacts large-scale modules; however, it minor or no small-scale ones. Therefore, outlines underlying causes high systems studies. Moreover, other challenges impeding are discussed, including concentration polarization, solution temperature, drop, hydrodynamics. conclusion, sheds valuable insights issues suggests recommendations can facilitate successful development